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ABSTRACT

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar. Click Insert and then choose the elements you want from the different galleries. Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to match the new theme. Save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you need them. To change the way a picture fits in your document, click it and a button for layout options appears next to it. When you work on a table, click where you want to add a row or a column, and then click the plus sign. Reading is easier, too, in the new Reading view. You can collapse parts of the document and focus on the text you want. If you need to stop reading before you reach the end, Word remembers where you left off - even on another device.

ABSTRAK

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CONTENTS

TITLE	i

STUDENT DECLARATION	ii

DEDICATION	iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	iv

ABSTRACT	v

ABSTRAK	vi

CONTENTS	vii

LIST OF TABLES	ix

LIST OF FIGURES	x

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS	xi

LIST OF APPENDICES	xii

CHAPTER 1	INTRODUCTION	1

1.1	Research Background	1

1.2	Managing and Formatting The Paragraph	2

1.2.1	Subheading No 1	2

1.2.2	Subheading No.2	3

1.3	Problem Statement	4

1.4	Research Objectives	4

1.5	Research Hypotheses	4

1.6	Research Questions	5

1.7	Scope and Delimitation	5

1.8	Significance of Study	5

1.9	Thesis Outline	5

CHAPTER 2	LITERATURE REVIEW	6

2.1	Introduction	6

2.1.1	Heading 2	6

2.1.2	Type Your Subtitle Here Type Your Text Here Type Your Text Here Type Your Text Here Type Your Text Here Type	7

2.2	Heading 2	11

2.2.1	Heading 4	11

2.3	Summary	14

CHAPTER 3	METHODOLOGY	15

3.1	Introduction	15

3.2	Heading 2	15

3.2.1	Heading 3	15

3.3	Heading 2	15

3.3.1	Heading 3	15

3.4	Summary	16

CHAPTER 4	RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	17

4.1	Introduction	17

4.2	Heading 2	17

4.2.1	Heading 3	17

4.2.2	Heading 4	17

4.3	Heading 2	17

4.3.1	Heading 3	17

4.4	Heading 2	18

4.4.1	Heading 3	18

4.5	Summary	18

CHAPTER 5	CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS	19

5.1	Introduction	19

5.2	Heading 2	19

5.2.1	Heading 3	19

5.2.2	Heading 4	19

5.2.3	Heading 4	19

5.3	Heading 2	19

5.3.1	Heading 3	20

5.4	Summary	20

REFERENCES	21

APPENDICES	22

PUBLICATION	24

VITAE

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1:	Number of Reviewed Journals with respect to Publication Source	7

Table 2.2:	Comparison between lab and simulation computer result (Gist, Schwoerer and Rosen, 1989)	9

Table 2.3:	Correlation and Discriminant Validity	10

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1:	The bridge abive the sky	7

Figure 2.2:	Three collaboration models in commercialisation (Arshad et al., 2022)	12

Figure 2.3:	Conceptual Framework of the Study	13

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

D,d	-	Diameter
F	-	Force
G	-	Graviy = 9.80 m/s
I	-	Momen of Iner
l	-	Length
m	-	Mass
P	-	Pressure
Q	-	Rate of Flow
r	-	Radius
T	-	Torque
Re	-	Reynold Number
V	-	Velocity
x	-	Shift
Z	-	High
UTHM	-	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
UNESCO	-	United Nation for Education, Science and Cultural Organization

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX	TITLE	PAGE
A	Data	100
B	Survey Questionnaire
C	Xxx	103
D	Xxx	104
E	Xxx	105

INTRODUCTION

Research Background

Microsoft Word Templates (DOTX) are designed to simplify the formatting process, ensuring consistency, professionalism, and adherence to academic standards in your thesis documents. These templates come with pre-defined styles that automate spacing, alignment, and layout adjustments, reducing the time and effort required to format your work manually. Students should adhere to the following text spacing guidelines to maintain consistency and professionalism in their thesis formatting.

The spacing between the upper margin of the page and the chapter number should be set at THREE (3) lines, while the spacing between the chapter number and the chapter title should be set at ONE (1) line. These requirements can be easily fulfilled using the Microsoft Word (DOTX) template. Simply apply Style > CHAPTER 1 HEADING 1, and the layout will automatically adjust as needed.

The spacing between the chapter or subtitle and the first line of text should be set at ONE (1) line. Subtitles, including their numbering, must be aligned with the left margin. By using the DOTX template, you can automatically apply these formatting adjustments to all thesis chapters or subtitles by using the following styles:

For the Main Heading use Style > 1.1 Heading 2, Level x.x UTHM

For the Sub-Heading No. 1 use Style > 1.1.1 Heading 4, Level x.x.x UTHM

For the Tertiary Heading No.1 (Under Subheading No. 1) use Style > 1.1.1.1 Heading 5, Level x.x.x.x UTHM

By utilising the Microsoft Word Template (DOTX), these predefined styles ensure that your thesis adheres to the required formatting standards. This approach not only promotes uniformity but also significantly reduces the complexity of document formatting, allowing you to focus more on the content of your thesis.

Managing and Formatting The Paragraph

In this template, formatting the first paragraph of a chapter or subtitle begins with the first sentence starting at the left margin and being fully justified. If the chapter contains only one paragraph, ensure that the spacing between the following subtitle and the last line of the preceding text is set to one (1) line. This formatting can be achieved by applying the Style > Paragraph First and Last, which will automatically adjust the layout for you.

Subheading No 1

If the chapter or subtitle contains more than one paragraph, ensure that there is no spacing between the paragraphs. To achieve this, use the Style >Paragraph First Cont’d, which automatically applies the appropriate formatting.

Subsequent paragraphs within the same chapter or subtitle should be indented by one tab from the left margin and fully justified. If there are multiple subsequent paragraphs, ensure that there is no spacing between them. You can accomplish this by using the Style >Paragraph Second Cont’d, which will handle the formatting automatically.

In the last paragraph of a chapter of subtitle, the first sentence should begin with an indent of one tab from the left margin and be fully justified. Additionally, there should be a spacing of one line between the last line of this paragraph and the next subtitle. Use the Style >Paragraph Upward and Last to apply these settings seamlessly. These pre-defined styles in the template simplify formatting tasks and ensure consistency throughout your document, from chapter headings to the final paragraph.

Tertiary heading no.1 (Under Subheading no. 1)

Save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you need them. To change the way a picture fits in your document, click it and a button for layout options appears next to it. When you work on a table, click where you want to add a row or a column, and then click the plus sign.

Reading is easier, too, in the new Reading view. You can collapse parts of the document and focus on the text you want. If you need to stop reading before you reach the end, Word remembers where you left off - even on another device.

Subheading No.2

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Tertiary heading no. 2 (Under Subheading no. 2)

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Problem Statement

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document.

To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar. Click Insert and then choose the elements you want from the different galleries.

Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to match the new theme.

Research Objectives

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Research Hypotheses

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Click Insert and then choose the elements you want from the different galleries. Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to match the new theme. Save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you need them.

Research Questions

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

Click Insert and then choose the elements you want from the different galleries. Themes and styles also help keep your document coordinated. When you click Design and choose a new Theme, the pictures, charts, and SmartArt graphics change to match your new theme. When you apply styles, your headings change to match the new theme. Save time in Word with new buttons that show up where you need them.

Scope and Delimitation

Significance of Study

Thesis Outline

LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here (Hassan et al., 2021).

Heading 2

Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here Type your text here as shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1:	The bridge abive the sky

Type Your Subtitle Here Type Your Text Here Type Your Text Here Type Your Text Here Type Your Text Here Type

Tables in the thesis must be numbered in Arabic numerals, linked to the respective chapter number (e.g., the first table in Chapter 2 is labelled "Table 2.2"). The caption must appear above the table, be justified, without a period at the end, and single-spaced between lines for each table and the text within the table should written using the font size used in the document (as in the thesis writing guideline) and single spaced between the lines. If a table spans multiple pages, denote its continuation on the subsequent page as, for instance, "Table 2.2 (continued)."

Table 2.1:	Number of Reviewed Journals with respect to Publication Source

Number of reviewed journals with respect to publication source
Name of journal	No of articles	Name of journal	No of articles
A Journal of the Decision Science Institutes	1	Journal of Business Marketing Management	1
Academy of Management Journal	1	Journal of Business Research	6
Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal	1	Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing	1
Annals of Regional Science	4	Journal of Business and Venturing	3
Asia Pacific Journal of Management	1	Journal of Commercial Biotechnology	2
Asian Journal of Technology Innovation	1	Journal of Innovation Management	1
Asian Business & Management	1	Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship	1
Asian Social Science	1	Journal of Operations Management	1
African Journal of Business Management	2	Journal of Product and Brand Management	2
Baltic Journal of Management	1	Journal of Management Studies	4
British Journal of Management	1	Journal of Management & Organization	1
Creativity and Innovation Management	1	Journal of Communication	1
European Journal of Innovation Management	2	Journal of Small and Business Management	1
European Journal of Marketing	1	Journal of Technology Transfer	12
Expert Systems with Application	2	Long Range Planning	2
Industrial Marketing Management	14	MIT Sloan Management	1
Innovation-Management Policy & Practice	3	Operation Management of Resources	1
International Journal of Organizational Innovation	2	Organizational Studies	2
International Business Journal	1	Organizational Dynamics	1
Table 2.1: Continued
International Business Review	2	Production Planning & Control	1
International Journal of Business and Management	1	PLOS One	1
International Journal of Business Innovation and Research	1	R&D Management	6
International Journal of Innovation Management	1	Research Policy	27
International Journal of Electronic Business Management	1	Sciencetometrics	1
International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Management	2	Science and Public Policy	5
International Journal of Research and Marketing	1	Science Technology and Society	1
International Journal of Technology Management	1	Strategic Management Journal	5
International Small Business Journal	2	Strategic Change	1
Industrial and Corporate Change	3	Technovation	24
Journal of Marketing	2	Technological and Economic development of Economy	1
Journal of Economics & Management Strategy	1	Technology Analysis & Strategic Management	2
Journal of International Marketing	1	Technology and Investment	1
Journal of International Management	1	Technology Forecasting & Social Change	6
Journal of Product Innovation Management	17	The International Journal of Human Resource Management	2
Total	88	138

When a table is sourced, provide the source at the end of its caption. Tables should only be included after citation in the text. Additionally, all tables referenced in the text must be listed in the list of tables.

Table 2.2:	Comparison between lab and simulation computer result (Gist, Schwoerer and Rosen, 1989)

Length Ratio	Lab Experiment in Average	Comparison Simulation in Average
0.250	0.46	0.560
0.375	0.63	0.738
0.500	0.75	0.861
0.625	0.83	0.939
0.750	0.88	0.981
0.875	0.93	0.997
1.000	1.00	1.000

If the table is arranged horizontally, the Table 2.3 is an example of the format for a horizontal table.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
1. Degree of Innovation Uncertainty	0.801
2. Degree of Innovation Asset Specificity	0.460	0.804
3. Information Sharing	0.658	0.518	0.790
4. Trust	0.454	0.298	0.668	0.777
5. Business Understanding	0.657	0.644	0.753	0.589	0.865
6. Communication	0.662	0.486	0.765	0.637	0.825	0.862
7. Commitment	0.658	0.552	0.758	0.618	0.827	0.793	0.852
8. Decision Synchronization	0.630	0.578	0.783	0.713	0.814	0.784	0.814	0.935
9. Resource Sharing	0.685	0.548	0.765	0.570	0.729	0.695	0.759	0.832	0.844
10. Absorptive Capacity	0.678	0.550	0.562	0.565	0.651	0.681	0.698	0.699	0.612	0.839
11. Disseminative Capacity	0.612	0.437	0.672	0.549	0.668	0.644	0.752	0.767	0.717	0.689	0.851
12. Market Performance	0.570	0.365	0.612	0.516	0.527	0.502	0.585	0.646	0.675	0.573	0.592	0.871
13. Innovation Survival	0.658	0.354	0.623	0.668	0.534	0.587	0.643	0.662	0.589	0.610	0.622	0.715	0.764
Note:	Values in the diagonal (in bold) represent the square root of the AVE while off-diagonals are correlations Table 2.3:	Correlation and Discriminant Validity

Heading 2

Mathematical equations must be written by employing the equation editor in MS WORD and be numbered using Arabic numerals (Zulkernain et al., 2022). Equation or Eq. numbers must be written at the end of the equation and linked to the chapter number. For example, the numbers (Equation 2.1) and (Eq. 2.2) are given to the third and fourth equations respectively that appear in Chapter 2, as follows:

(Equation 2.1)

Please refer to (Eq. 2.2)

(Eq. 2.2)

Heading 4

When a figure is sourced, provide the source at the end of its caption. The figure should only be included after the citation in the text. Additionally, all figures referenced in the text must be listed in the list of figures.

Figure 2.2:	Three collaboration models in commercialisation (Arshad et al., 2022)

If the figure is arranged horizontally, the following is an example of the format for a horizontal figure. In arranging the figure horizontally, you can use the Drawing Canvas to locate the image and figure caption as shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3:	Conceptual Framework of the Study

Summary

Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document. To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar.

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Summary

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Introduction

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Summary

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 4

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

(Abbas et al., 2022)

Summary

(Kadir & Mohajerani, 2011)

REFERENCES

Abbas, A.-G. N., Aziz, F. N. A. A., Abdan, K., Nasir, N. A. M., & Norizan, M. N. (2022). Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites. Fibers, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10010003

Arshad, M. F., Salehuddin, N. A., Ahmad, Z., Nor, M. Z. M., & Hassan, A. H. (2022). Effect of Kenaf Core to the Physical Properties of Cement-Sand Brick for Non-load Bearing Walls. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (Vol. 215, pp. 1013–1026). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7924-7_66

Hassan, A. H., Ahmad, Z., Arshad, M. F., Salehuddin, N. A., & Nor, M. Z. M. (2021). Thermal Conductivity Performance of Kenaf Core - Quarry Dust Brick (KCQB). Civil Engineering and Architecture, 9(5A), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2021.091313

Kadir, A. A., & Mohajerani, A. (2011). Recycling cigarette butts in lightweight fired clay bricks. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 164(5), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1680/coma.900013

Zulkernain, N. H., Gani, P., Ng, C. C., & Uvarajan, T. (2022). Optimisation of mixed proportion for cement brick containing plastic waste using response surface methodology (RSM). Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00786-z

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

PUBLICATION

Abdul Hamid, N.; Abd Rahman, A., (2014) "A systematic	literature review on the success factor of innovation	commercialization performance," Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2014 IEEE International Symposium, vol., no., pp.199,204, 27-29 May 2014.

Abdul Hamid, N., Abd. Rahman, A., Ali, N. A., & Jaharuddin, N. S. (2014). Technology Commercialization: Concept And Commercialization Collaborative Network,. In N. S. Jaharuddin, & S. Ibrahim, Management Science A Collection Of Readings (pp. 64-76). Universiti Putra Press.

VITAE

The author was born in January 28, 1970, in Malacca, Malaysia. He went to Maktab Rendah Sains MARA, Muar, Johor, Malaysia for his secondary school. He pursued his degree at the University of Sheffield, England, and graduated with the B.Eng. (Hons) in Electronic and Electrical Engineering in 1992. Upon graduation, he worked as a tutor in the Electronics Department at University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia. He then enrolled at the University of Sheffield, England, in 1994, where he was awarded the M. Eng. in Microwave Communications Engineering in 1996. Thereafter, he taught Electromagnetic Theory as well as Microprocessor Design and Applications at the Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering Department at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia. In 1999, Mr. Abdullah attended the Graduate School of The Pennsylvania State University and was admitted into the Ph.D. program in Electrical Engineering in 2004. During this time, he was a research assistant with the Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory (CSSL), where he had 3 million dollar University Research Initiative sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. He participated in four campaigns in Fairbanks, Alaska, to make low frequency measurements of the high-latitude ionosphere, using the High Power Auroral Simulation (HIPAS) ionospheric heater facility. He was also a teaching assistant with the Electrical Engineering Department of The Pennsylvania State University in 2000. Mr. Abdullah has co-authored three papers in areas of Microprocessor Applications and Theoretical and Experimental aspects of ionospheric heating. He is currently a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE). He is also an active amateur radio operator holding callsigns N3FLX and 9M2DX with much interest in satellite, moonbounce, and packet communications.